Hemodializė – tai gydymo metodas, taikomas siekiant pašalinti susikaupusias kenksmingas medžiagas ir skysčių perteklių iš organizmo. Tai vienas svarbiausių gydymo būdų, esant galutinės stadijos inkstų nepakankamumui. Paprastai hemodializė (kraujo išvalymas) taikoma tuomet, kai prarandama apie 90 % normalios inkstų funkcijos.

Inkstams palankios mitybos patarimai

  • Valgykite reguliariai, tuo pačiu metu, pagrindinius valgymus bei užkandžius.
  • Ribokite fasuotus bei perdirbtus maisto produktus.
  • Žinokite produktus, kurie turi daug kalio, taip pat produktus, kuriais galite pakeisti, turinčius nedaug kalio.
  • Žinokite produktus, kurie turi daug fosforo, taip pat produktus, kuriais galite pakeisti, turinčius nedaug fosforo.
  • Kontroliuokite porcijų dydį.
  • Skaitykite maisto sudėties etiketes.

PAGRINDINIAI MAKROELEMENTAI

Baltymai

mityba-baltymai
  • Sveikimo pagrindas, raumenų „statybinė“ medžiaga.
  • Albuminas – kraujyje esantis baltymas.
  • Atsparumas infekcijoms, žaizdų gijimas.
  • Regeneruoja, saugo.
  • Dėl dializės praradimo baltymų poreikiai yra didesni nei įprasta. Reikalingą kiekį pirmiausia lemia kūno svoris.

Angliavandeniai

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  • Dienos norma apie 350 g.
  • Vienintelis energijos šaltinis, kurį naudoja smegenys ir centrinė nervų sistema.
  • Gliukozė – pagrindinė angliavandenių forma, reikalinga, kad raumenys normaliai funkcionuotų.
  • Aprūpina organizmą skaidulomis.

Riebalai

  • Energijos šaltinis įvairioms organizmo funkcijoms atlikti.
  • Nepakeičiamųjų riebalų rūgščių (omega 3 ir omega 6) šaltinis. Užtikrina tinkamą nervų bei smegenų funkcionavimą.
  • Būtini tinkamai odos bei kitų audinių būklei.
  • Riebalai perneša riebaluose tirpius
  • vitaminus A, D, E ir K.
  • Riebalai formuoja lytinius hormonus.

Kalis

Širdis plaka normaliu ritmu kalio dėka. Kalis reikalingas skysčių, elektrolitų bei pH balanso palaikymui. Sutrikus inkstų veiklai, organizme gali susikaupti grėsmingai daug kalio, kuris gali sutrikdyti širdies ritmą.

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Daug kalio turintys produktai:

  • Vaisiai: džiovinti vaisiai, bananai, kaulavaisiai, apelsinai, kiviai, avokadai, kriaušės.
  • Daržovės: bulvės, pomidorai, brokoliai, salierai, briuselio kopūstai, ankštiniai augalai.
  • Pieno produktai: fermentinis sūris, šokoladas, pieniški ledai.
  • Visi riešutai, saulėgrąžos, kakava, kava.

Fosforas

Gyvybiškai svarbus mineralas, kuris palaiko šarmų rūgščių balansą, reikalingas kaulų bei dantų struktūrai palaikyti, pagreitina kaulų gijimą jiems lūžus, formuoja raumeninį audinį bei dalyvauja medžiagų apykaitos procesuose. Fosforo perteklius skatina kraujagyslių kalcifikaciją, kairiojo širdies skilvelio hipertrofiją, antrinį hiperparatiroidizmą, osteoporozės progresavimą.

mityba-fosforas

Daug fosforo turintys produktai:

  • Vidaus organų mėsa
  • Kruopos, sėlenos
  • Sūriai, kiaušinių tryniai
  • Ankštiniai, visi riešutai, sėklos
  • Coca-cola ir kiti tamsūs gazuoti gėrimai
  • Jūros gėrybės, sardinės
  • Viso grūdo duonos gaminiai
  • Kakava, šokoladas

Natris

Druska vaidina gyvybiškai svarbią rolę reguliuojant skysčių balansą bei kraujo spaudimą, nervinius impulsus ir raumenų susitraukimą. Per didelis jos naudojimas gali sukelti aukštą kraujo spaudimą, skysčių susikaupimą kūne, dusulio atsiradimą, perdėtą troškulį bei sukelti širdies nepakankamumą.

mityba-natris

Patarimai druskos vartojimui mažinti:

  • Gaminkite maistą namuose, naudodami mažiau druskos turinčius produktus.
  • Sumažinkite druskos ir prieskonių kiekį, venkite perdirbtų, konservuotų maisto produktų.
  • Keiskite žolelėmis, natūraliais prieskoniais, citrina, smulkintais jūros kopūstais, obuolių actu.
  • Valgykite mažiau greito maisto.
  • Skaitykite produktų etiketes.

Esant padidėjusiam purinų kiekiui organizme:

mityba-purinai
  • Padidinti angliavandenių kiekį, sumažinti baltymų, purinų bei riebalų kiekį.
  • Nemažinti kalorijų. Greitas liesėjimas, o ypač badavimas didina šlapimo rūgšties kiekį kraujyje.
  • Riboti riebalų kiekį, nes jis blogina uratų išsiskyrimą.
  • Vengti riebių produktų, kepto, rūkyto maisto.
  • Baltymų poreikiams patenkinti valgykite kiaušinius, sūrį, liesą pieną.
  • Ribojamas alkoholio kiekis, nes jis didina inkstų uratų susidarymą.

info.nefrovita@gmail.com

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